The Working Principle of Laser Marking Machines
07/22
2022
Laser marking machines use laser beams to create permanent markings on the surfaces of various materials. The marking effect is achieved by vaporizing the surface material, exposing the underlying layers and thereby engraving intricate patterns, trademarks, and text. Laser marking machine They are mainly divided into CO2 laser marking machines, semiconductor laser marking machines, fiber laser marking machines, and YAG laser marking machines. At present, laser marking machines are primarily used in applications that demand higher precision and greater accuracy. They are employed in the marking of electronic components, integrated circuits (ICs), electrical appliances, mobile communications devices, hardware products, tool accessories, precision instruments, eyeglasses and timepieces, jewelry, automotive parts, plastic keys, construction materials, and PVC pipes.
What is the principle behind a laser marking machine?
Laser marking uses a laser beam to create permanent markings on the surfaces of various materials. The process works by evaporating surface material to expose the underlying layers, or by inducing chemical and physical changes in the surface material through light energy to “engrave” marks, or by using light energy to burn away portions of the material, thereby revealing the patterns and text that need to be etched.
“Hot working” involves directing a high‑energy‑density laser beam—a concentrated stream of energy—onto the surface of the material being processed. The material’s surface absorbs the laser energy, triggering thermal excitation within the irradiated area, which in turn raises the temperature of the material’s surface (or coating) and leads to phenomena such as abnormal conditions, melting, ablation, and vaporization.
The “cold processing” of high‑energy (ultraviolet) photons can break chemical bonds within materials—especially organic materials—or in the surrounding medium, thereby causing material degradation through non‑thermal processes. This type of cold processing holds particular significance in laser marking, as it does not involve thermal ablation; instead, it achieves cold delamination by disrupting chemical bonds without generating the “thermal damage” side effect. Consequently, it neither heats the inner layers of the processed surface nor induces thermal deformation in the surrounding areas. For example, in the electronics industry, excimer lasers are used to deposit thin chemical films onto substrate materials and to cut narrow grooves into semiconductor substrates.
A CO2 laser marking machine, also known as a carbon dioxide laser marking machine (where “CO2” stands for carbon dioxide), is a galvanometer-based laser marking system that uses CO2 gas as its working medium. The CO2 laser marking machine is powered by a CO2 laser oscillator that employs CO2 gas as its laser medium. By filling the discharge tube with CO2 and other auxiliary gases and applying high voltage to the electrodes, a glow discharge is generated within the tube, causing the gas to emit a laser beam with a wavelength of 10.64 µm. After the laser energy is amplified, under the control of a computer and a laser marking control card, images, text, numbers, and lines can be marked onto workpieces according to user requirements.
CO2 laser marking machine composition: CO2 Laser marking machine It is primarily composed of a CO2 laser, a 10.64 focal lens, a 10.64 beam expander, a CO2 laser power supply, scanning galvanometers, a control computer, a laser control card, laser control software, a laser machine frame, a laser circulating water system, and an electrical control system, among other components.
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